Hydraulic cylinder force calculator
Calculate the push force on the cap end and the pull force on the rod end of a hydraulic cylinder.
How it is calculated
Push force = p × π × D² ÷ 4. Pull force = p × π × (D² − d²) ÷ 4. With p in MPa (1 bar = 0.1 MPa) and areas in mm², the force is in N.
Worked example
p = 100 bar, bore 50 mm, rod 25 mm: push = 10 × 1963.5 = 19,635 N, pull = 10 × 1472.6 = 14,726 N.
Steps
- Enter the operating pressure in bar.
- Enter the bore and rod diameters in mm.
- Read the push and pull forces, then check them against the cylinder rating.
Frequently asked questions
Why is pull force lower than push?
The rod takes up part of the piston area on the rod side, so the effective area is smaller.
Does this include friction or efficiency?
No. Real force is typically 5 % to 10 % lower because of seal friction and mechanical losses.
How do I convert to tonnes-force?
Divide the newtons by 9806.65.
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References
Hydraulic cylinder force from area times pressure (ISO 6020/2 for cylinder dimensions, ISO 4393 for nominal sizes). Check your cylinder rating.
Estimates for information only. Verify critical values with a qualified engineer or your supplier standards.